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The keywords LOAD DATA start off a control file. This simply means that the data is to be loaded from the input data file to the Oracle tables using the SQL*Loader utility. The INTO TABLE clause indicates into which table the data will be loaded. If you re loading into multiple tables simultaneously, you ll need an INTO TABLE statement for each table. The keywords INSERT, REPLACE, and APPEND instruct the database how the load will be done. If it is an INSERT, the table is assumed to be empty; otherwise, the loading process will generate an error and stop. The REPLACE clause will truncate the table and start loading new data. You ll often see that a load job using the REPLACE option seems to hang initially. This is because Oracle is busy truncating the table before it starts the load process. The APPEND clause will add the new rows to existing table data.

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You can use several clauses to specify the locations and other characteristics of the data file(s) from which you re going to load data using SQL*Loader. The following sections cover the important data file-related clauses.

You specify the name and location of the input data file by using the INFILE parameter: INFILE='/a01/app/oracle/oradata/load/consumer.dat' If you don t want to use the INFILE specification, you can include the data in the control file itself. When you include the data in the control file instead of a separate input file, you omit the file location and use the * notation, as follows: INFILE = * If you choose to have the data in the control file itself, you must use the BEGINDATA clause before your data starts: BEGINDATA Nicholas Alapati,243 New Highway,Irving,TX,75078 . . .

Every physical record in the source data file is equivalent to a logical record by default, but the control file can specify that more than one physical record be combined into a single logical record. For example, in the following input file, three physical records are also considered three logical records: Nicholas Alapati,243 New Highway,Irving,TX,75078 Shannon Wilson,1234 Elm Street,Fort Worth,TX,98765 Nina Alapati,2629 Skinner Drive,Flower Mound,TX,75028 You can transform these three physical records by using either of two parameters in the control file: the CONCATENATE clause or the CONTINUEIF clause. If your input is in the fixed format, you can specify the number of rows of data to be read for each logical record in the following way: CONCATENATE 4 This CONCATENATE clause will combine four rows of data. If each row of data has 80 characters, then the total number of characters in the new logical record that is created will be 320. Therefore,

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when you use the CONCATENATE clause, you should also specify a record length (RECLEN) clause along with it. In this case, the record length clause is as follows: RECLEN 320 The CONTINUEIF clause lets you combine physical records into logical records by specifying one or more characters in a specified location. Here s an example: CONTINUEIF THIS (1:4) = 'next' In this line, the CONTINUEIF clause means that if SQL*Loader finds the four letters next at the beginning of a line, it should treat the data that follows as a continuation of the previous line (the four characters and the word next are arbitrary continuation indicators can be any arbitrary characters). If you are using fixed-format data, the CONTINUEIF character may be placed in the very last column, as shown in the following example: CONTINUEIF LAST = '&' This line means that if SQL*Loader encounters the ampersand (&) character at the end of a line, it will treat the following line as a continuation of the preceding line.

Before you start writing code, you should consider different alternatives for wrapping a native library and the consequences that each alternative implies for you as well as the users of your library.

Note Using either CONTINUEIF or CONCATENATE will slow down SQL*Loader, so map physical and logical records one to one. You should do this because when you join more than one physical record to make a single logical record, SQL*Loader must perform additional scanning of the input data, which takes more time.